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Yalova Peninsula massacres (1920–21)
The Yalova Peninsula massacres were a series of massacres and ethnic cleansing〔 during 1920–21, the majority of which occurred during March – May 1921. They were committed by local Greek and Armenian gangs and the invading Greek army〔 against the Turkish Muslim population of the Yalova Peninsula.〔 There were 27 villages burned and in Armutlu women were systematically raped.〔 Approximately 5,500 were killed〔 or 6.000 had disappeared at Yalova where 16 villages had been burned.〔 The Ottoman and Turkish documents on massacres indicate that at least 9,100 Muslim Turks were killed.〔 In one Ottoman inquiry of 177 survivors in Constantinople, the number of victims reported was very low (35), which is in line with Toynbee's descriptions that villagers fled after one to two murders. The high death toll in the events convinced Toynbee that the Greeks were unfit to rule over Turks. An Inter-Allied commission, consisting of British, French, American and Italian officers,〔General Hare, the British Delegate; General Bunoust, the French Delegate; General Dall'Olio, the Italian Delegate; Admiral Bristol, the American Delegate.〕 and headed by Maurice Gehri, the representative of the Geneva International Red Cross, the journalist Arnold J. Toynbee went to the region to investigate the atrocities. Michael Smith claims that Circassian irregulars also took part in the massacres.〔 However, this is not mentioned in the report of the Commission nor by Toynbee.
One of the results was that refugees were transported to Constantinople on ships.〔
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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